Fifth disease is a mild rash illness caused by a virus called Parvovirus B19. Serious illness can develop in persons with anemia or immunosuppression. Occasionally serious complications may develop from infection during pregnancy.
Anyone can get Fifth Disease, but it is seen more often in elementary school-age children.
Four to fourteen days after exposure, the fever and tiredness may begin. By the third week, the rash generally appears.
Fifth Disease is spread person to person through sneezing, coughing, and sharing cups and utensils.
People with Fifth Disease may spread the virus before the rash begins. By the time the rash is present, the person is usually not contagious.
There can be complications from Fifth Disease. Pregnant women who come in contact with the virus should call their doctor. Most pregnant women will not be affected, but there is a small chance of miscarriage. Rarely severe anemia develops in people with chronic red blood cell disorders (like sickle cell anemia) and immunodeficient people (like those on chemotherapy or with AIDS).
There is no specific treatment for Fifth Disease. It usually resolves on its own.
There is no vaccine or medicine to prevent Fifth Disease. Wash hands often, especially after touching droplets from the mouth and nose. Cough or sneeze into a tissue and throw it in the trash right away.
Hand Washing Instructions
For additional information about cleanliness and to avoid spreading illness, visit the Oakland County Health Division - Hand Washing page.